The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 4
As they repeated them, they impressed upon the hearer the importance of remembering the stories precisely as told, and of telling them again exactly as he had received them, neither adding nor taking away anything.
Who acts: elders, importance, sun · What happens: repeat, impress, remember, tell, receive, add · To what, where: characters, stories, elders, anything · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elders, importance, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 3 repeated | mark |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 repeated | nsubj |
| 3 | repeated | repeat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 impressed | advcl |
| 4 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 repeated | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 repeated | punct |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 impressed | nsubj |
| 7 | impressed | impress | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 10 hearer | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 hearer | det |
| 10 | hearer | hearer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 impressed | obl |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 importance | det |
| 12 | importance | importance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 hearer | appos |
| 13 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 14 remembering | mark |
| 14 | remembering | remember | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 importance | acl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 stories | det |
| 16 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 remembering | obj |
| 17 | precisely | precisely | ADV | _ | 19 told | advmod |
| 18 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 told | mark |
| 19 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 stories | acl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 telling | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 telling | cc |
| 22 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 23 telling | mark |
| 23 | telling | tell | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 impressed | advcl |
| 24 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 telling | iobj |
| 25 | again | again | ADV | _ | 23 telling | advmod |
| 26 | exactly | exactly | ADV | _ | 30 received | advmod |
| 27 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 30 received | mark |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 received | nsubj |
| 29 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 received | aux |
| 30 | received | receive | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 23 telling | ccomp |
| 31 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 received | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 adding | punct |
| 33 | neither | neither | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 34 adding | cc:preconj |
| 34 | adding | add | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 impressed | advcl |
| 35 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 36 taking | cc |
| 36 | taking | take | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 adding | conj |
| 37 | away | away | ADV | _ | 36 taking | advmod |
| 38 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 36 taking | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 impressed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | repeat | past | elders = elder | characters = character | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | impress | past | elders = elder | upon the hearer | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | remember | gerund | the importance not said here | the stories | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent story=Theme | ||||
| 4 | tell speech: assert | participle | the stories not said here | precisely property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | tell speech: assert | gerund | elders = elder not said here | elders = elder | again | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 6 | receive | past · perfect | sun | elders = elder | exactly property | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||
| 7 | add speech: assert | gerund | elders = elder not said here | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 8 | take away | gerund | elders = elder not said here | anything | away property | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/2/4/