The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Stories and the Story-tellers, sentence 5
Thus early taught his duty, each listener strove to perform it, and to impress on those whom he in turn instructed a similar obligation.
Who acts: listener, sun · What happens: teach, strive, perform, impress, instruct · To what, where: duty, listener, those, similar obligation
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Stories and the Story-tellers. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (listener, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thus | thus | ADV | _ | 3 taught | advmod |
| 2 | early | early | ADV | Degree=Pos | 3 taught | advmod |
| 3 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 duty | nmod:poss |
| 5 | duty | duty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 taught | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 strove | punct |
| 7 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 8 listener | det |
| 8 | listener | listener | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 strove | nsubj |
| 9 | strove | strive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 taught | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 perform | mark |
| 11 | perform | perform | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 strove | xcomp |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 perform | obj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 impress | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 impress | cc |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 impress | mark |
| 16 | impress | impress | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 taught | conj |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 those | case |
| 18 | those | that | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 16 impress | obl |
| 19 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 instructed | obj |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 instructed | nsubj |
| 21 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 turn | case |
| 22 | turn | turn | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 he | nmod |
| 23 | instructed | instruct | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 those | acl:relcl |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 obligation | det |
| 25 | similar | similar | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 obligation | amod |
| 26 | obligation | obligation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 instructed | obj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | past | sun's duty | early, thus property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent duty=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | strive | past | each listener | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | perform | to-infinitive | each listener not said here | listener | vn performance-26.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme | ||||
| 4 | impress | to-infinitive | those | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 5 | instruct speech: other | past | sun | a similar obligation | whom obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/2/5/