The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 125
He ran fast, and for a long time he kept ahead of the Buffalo, but they followed, a great mass of Buffalo crowding and pushing, running as hard as they could run.
Who acts: Buffalo, Bulls, great mass · What happens: run, keep, follow, crowd, push
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo, Bulls, great mass), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 ran | nsubj |
| 2 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 2 ran | advmod |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 kept | punct |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 kept | cc |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 time | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 time | det |
| 8 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 time | amod |
| 9 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 kept | obl |
| 10 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 kept | nsubj |
| 11 | kept | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 12 | ahead | ahead | ADV | _ | 11 kept | advmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Buffalo | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Buffalo | det |
| 15 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 kept | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 followed | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 followed | cc |
| 18 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 followed | nsubj |
| 19 | followed | follow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ran | conj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 mass | punct |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 mass | det |
| 22 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 mass | amod |
| 23 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 ran | parataxis |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Buffalo | case |
| 25 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 mass | nmod |
| 26 | crowding | crowd | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 23 mass | acl |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 pushing | cc |
| 28 | pushing | push | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 crowding | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 running | punct |
| 30 | running | run | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 crowding | conj |
| 31 | as | as | ADV | _ | 32 hard | advmod |
| 32 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 30 running | advmod |
| 33 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 run | mark |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 run | nsubj |
| 35 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 run | aux |
| 36 | run | run | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 hard | advcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ran | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | run | past | Buffalo | a great mass of Buffalo parataxis; fast property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | keep | past | Buffalo | time | of the Buffalo; ahead property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | follow | past | Bulls = bull | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | crowd | gerund | a great mass of Buffalo not said here | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | push | gerund | a great mass of Buffalo not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | run | gerund | a great mass of Buffalo not said here | hard property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | run | could | Bulls = bull | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/125/