The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 154
When the Blackbird heard the pounding of many hoofs and knew that the Buffalo were coming, he flew up on a sunflower stalk and waited.
Who acts: Blackbird, Buffalo, many hoofs · What happens: hear, know, come, fly up, wait, pound · To what, where: pounding, sunflower stalk · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Blackbird, Buffalo, many hoofs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Blackbird | det |
| 3 | Blackbird | blackbird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 flew | advcl |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 pounding | det |
| 6 | pounding | pounding | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 hoofs | case |
| 8 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hoofs | amod |
| 9 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 pounding | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 knew | cc |
| 11 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | conj |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 coming | mark |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 Buffalo | det |
| 14 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 coming | nsubj |
| 15 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 coming | aux |
| 16 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 knew | ccomp |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 flew | nsubj |
| 19 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 19 flew | compound:prt |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 stalk | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 stalk | det |
| 23 | sunflower | sunflower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 stalk | compound |
| 24 | stalk | stalk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 flew | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 waited | cc |
| 26 | waited | wait | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 flew | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 flew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the Blackbird | the pounding of many hoofs | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer pounding=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | know | past | the Blackbird not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | come | past · progressive | the Buffalo | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | fly up | past | Buffalo | a sunflower stalk | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent on stalk=Location | ||||
| 5 | wait | past | Buffalo not said here | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | pound | many hoofs | nom pounding «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/154/