The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 155
When the Buffalo came to the place where he was, he flew up over them to the Hawk, and took the ring on his neck, and flew along over the Buffalo.
Who acts: Buffalo · What happens: come, fly up, take, fly · To what, where: place, ring, neck, Buffalo
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 4 came | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Buffalo | det |
| 3 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 came | nsubj |
| 4 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 flew | advcl |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 place | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 place | det |
| 7 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 came | obl |
| 8 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 10 was | advmod |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 was | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 place | acl:relcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 came | punct |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 flew | nsubj |
| 13 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | up | up | ADP | _ | 13 flew | compound:prt |
| 15 | over | over | ADP | _ | 16 them | case |
| 16 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 flew | obl |
| 17 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 Hawk | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Hawk | det |
| 19 | Hawk | Hawk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 flew | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 took | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 took | cc |
| 22 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 flew | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 ring | det |
| 24 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 took | obj |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 neck | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 neck | nmod:poss |
| 27 | neck | neck | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 took | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 flew | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 flew | cc |
| 30 | flew | fly | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 took | conj |
| 31 | along | along | ADV | _ | 30 flew | advmod |
| 32 | over | over | ADP | _ | 34 Buffalo | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 Buffalo | det |
| 34 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 flew | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 flew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the Buffalo | the place | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | fly up | past | Buffalo | over hoofs = hoof; to the Hawk | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V NP.theme PP»: agent=Agent over they=Location | ||||
| 3 | take | past | Buffalo not said here | the ring | Buffalo's neck | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ring=Theme on neck=Destination | |||
| 4 | fly | past | Buffalo not said here | the Buffalo | along property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over buffalo=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/155/