The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 45
The Coyote had made ready his arrows, and was running around the girl, trying to kill the Buffalo and keep them off, but they crowded upon him—so many that he could do nothing—and at last he got frightened and ran into the lodge.
Who acts: arrows, Buffalo · What happens: make, run, try, kill, keep off, crowd · To what, where: Coyote, Buffalo, arrows, nothing, last, lodge
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrows, Buffalo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Coyote | det |
| 2 | Coyote | Coyote | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | aux |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 made | xcomp |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 arrows | nmod:poss |
| 7 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 ready | obj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 running | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 running | cc |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 running | aux |
| 11 | running | run | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 made | conj |
| 12 | around | around | ADP | _ | 14 girl | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 girl | det |
| 14 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 running | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 trying | punct |
| 16 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 running | conj |
| 17 | to | to | PART | _ | 18 kill | mark |
| 18 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 trying | xcomp |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Buffalo | det |
| 20 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 kill | obj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 keep | cc |
| 22 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 kill | conj |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 keep | obj |
| 24 | off | off | ADP | _ | 22 keep | compound:prt |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 crowded | punct |
| 26 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 28 crowded | cc |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 crowded | nsubj |
| 28 | crowded | crowd | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | conj |
| 29 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 30 him | case |
| 30 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 crowded | obl |
| 31 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 many | punct |
| 32 | so | so | ADV | _ | 33 many | advmod |
| 33 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 made | conj |
| 34 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 37 do | mark |
| 35 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 do | nsubj |
| 36 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 do | aux |
| 37 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 many | advcl |
| 38 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 37 do | obj |
| 39 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 45 frightened | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 frightened | cc |
| 41 | at | at | ADP | _ | 42 last | case |
| 42 | last | last | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 frightened | obl |
| 43 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 45 frightened | nsubj:pass |
| 44 | got | get | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 frightened | aux:pass |
| 45 | frightened | frighten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 made | parataxis |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 ran | cc |
| 47 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 frightened | conj |
| 48 | into | into | ADP | _ | 50 lodge | case |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 lodge | det |
| 50 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 ran | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · perfect · passive | the Coyote | ready property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 2 | run | past · progressive | around the girl | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around girl=Trajectory | |||||
| 3 | try | gerund | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 4 | kill not said to happen | to-infinitive | the Buffalo | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buffalo=Theme | |||||
| 5 | keep off | infinitive | arrows = arrow | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | |||||
| 6 | crowd | past | arrows = arrow | upon Buffalo | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme upon he=Destination | ||||
| 7 | do | could | Buffalo | nothing | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Eventuality | ||||
| 8 | frighten | past · passive | Buffalo | last | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | ||||
| 9 | run | past | into the lodge result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into lodge=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/45/