The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1], sentence 46
The Buffalo were now just all over the ground about the lodge, and suddenly one of the young Bulls, the leader of a big band, as he passed under the swing, threw up his head, and the girl disappeared, but the Coyote, peeping out of the lodge door, saw on the horn of this Bull a ring, and then he knew that this ring was the girl.
Who acts: Buffalo, one, girl, Coyote, ring · What happens: be, leader, pass, throw up, disappear, peep out · To what, where: ground, swing, head, lodge door, horn, girl · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Girl Who Was the Ring [1]. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buffalo, one, girl, Coyote), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Buffalo | det |
| 2 | Buffalo | Buffalo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 ground | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 ground | cop |
| 4 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 9 ground | advmod |
| 5 | just | just | ADV | _ | 6 all | advmod |
| 6 | all | all | ADV | _ | 9 ground | advmod |
| 7 | over | over | ADP | _ | 9 ground | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ground | det |
| 9 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | about | about | ADP | _ | 12 lodge | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 lodge | det |
| 12 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ground | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 leader | punct |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 leader | cc |
| 15 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 16 one | advmod |
| 16 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 leader | nsubj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 Bulls | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Bulls | det |
| 19 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 Bulls | amod |
| 20 | Bulls | Bull | PROPN | Number=Plur | 16 one | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 leader | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 leader | det |
| 23 | leader | leader | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 ground | nmod |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 band | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 band | det |
| 26 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 band | amod |
| 27 | band | band | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 leader | nmod |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 passed | punct |
| 29 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 31 passed | mark |
| 30 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 passed | nsubj |
| 31 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 ground | parataxis |
| 32 | under | under | ADP | _ | 34 swing | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 swing | det |
| 34 | swing | swing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 passed | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 threw | punct |
| 36 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 passed | conj |
| 37 | up | up | ADP | _ | 36 threw | compound:prt |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 head | nmod:poss |
| 39 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 threw | obj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 disappeared | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 disappeared | cc |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 girl | det |
| 43 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 disappeared | nsubj |
| 44 | disappeared | disappear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 passed | conj |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 saw | punct |
| 46 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 57 saw | cc |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 Coyote | det |
| 48 | Coyote | Coyote | PROPN | Number=Sing | 57 saw | nsubj |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 peeping | punct |
| 50 | peeping | peep | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 48 Coyote | acl |
| 51 | out | out | ADP | _ | 55 door | case |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 55 door | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 door | det |
| 54 | lodge | lodge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 55 door | compound |
| 55 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 peeping | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 48 Coyote | punct |
| 57 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 disappeared | parataxis |
| 58 | on | on | ADP | _ | 60 horn | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 horn | det |
| 60 | horn | horn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 57 saw | obl |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 Bull | case |
| 62 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 63 Bull | det |
| 63 | Bull | bull | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 horn | nmod |
| 64 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 65 ring | det |
| 65 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 63 Bull | appos |
| 66 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 70 knew | punct |
| 67 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 70 knew | cc |
| 68 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 70 knew | advmod |
| 69 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 70 knew | nsubj |
| 70 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 57 saw | conj |
| 71 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 76 girl | mark |
| 72 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 73 ring | det |
| 73 | ring | ring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 76 girl | nsubj |
| 74 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 76 girl | cop |
| 75 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 76 girl | det |
| 76 | girl | girl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 70 knew | ccomp |
| 77 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 ground | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the Buffalo | the ground | now | about the lodge; all property | tree rules | ||
| 2 | leader | one of the young Bulls | of a big band | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | pass | past | Buffalo | the swing | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under swing=Location | ||||
| 4 | throw up | past | Buffalo not said here | Buffalo's head | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent head=Theme | ||||
| 5 | disappear | past | the girl | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 6 | peep out | gerund | the Coyote not said here | the lodge door | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent door=Theme | ||||
| 7 | see | past | the Coyote | the horn of this Bull | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 8 | know | past | Coyote | then | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 9 | is a | past | this ring | the girl | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/7/46/