The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Corn, sentence 21
The last thing the young man saw was the gate through the edge of the sky.
Who acts: young man, last thing · What happens: see, be · To what, where: last thing, gate, edge
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young man, last thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 thing | det |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 thing | amod |
| 3 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gate | nsubj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 man | det |
| 5 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 man | amod |
| 6 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 thing | acl:relcl |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 gate | cop |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 gate | det |
| 10 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 11 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 edge | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 edge | det |
| 13 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 gate | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 sky | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 sky | det |
| 16 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 edge | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 gate | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the young man | the last thing not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is a | past | the last thing | the gate | the edge of the sky | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/8/21/