The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The First Corn, sentence 65
When the people learned that the buffalo were there, they all took their arrows and ran out and chased the buffalo and made a big killing, so that there was plenty in the camp and they made much dried meat.
Who acts: people, buffalo, plenty · What happens: learn, be, take, run out, chase, make · To what, where: arrows, buffalo, big killing, dried meat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The First Corn. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, buffalo, plenty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 learned | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 people | det |
| 3 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 learned | nsubj |
| 4 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 took | advcl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 there | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 buffalo | det |
| 7 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 there | nsubj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 there | cop |
| 9 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 learned | ccomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 learned | punct |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 took | nsubj |
| 12 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 they | det |
| 13 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 arrows | nmod:poss |
| 15 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 took | obj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 ran | cc |
| 17 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 took | conj |
| 18 | out | out | ADP | _ | 17 ran | compound:prt |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 chased | cc |
| 20 | chased | chase | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 took | conj |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 buffalo | det |
| 22 | buffalo | buffalo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 chased | obj |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 made | cc |
| 24 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 took | conj |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 killing | det |
| 26 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 killing | amod |
| 27 | killing | killing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 made | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 was | punct |
| 29 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 32 was | mark |
| 30 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 29 so | fixed |
| 31 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 32 was | expl |
| 32 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 made | parataxis |
| 33 | plenty | plenty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 was | nsubj |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 camp | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 camp | det |
| 36 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 plenty | nmod |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 made | cc |
| 38 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 made | nsubj |
| 39 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 made | conj |
| 40 | much | much | ADV | _ | 41 dried | advmod |
| 41 | dried | dry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 meat | amod |
| 42 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 made | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 13 took | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | past | the people | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | is | past | the buffalo | there property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | take | past | people | people's arrows | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arrow=Theme | ||||
| 4 | run out | past | people not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | chase | past | people not said here | the buffalo | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent buffalo=Theme | ||||
| 6 | make | past | people not said here | a big killing | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset killing=Product | ||||
| 7 | be | past | plenty in the camp | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 8 | make | past | people | dried meat | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset meat=Product | ||||
| 9 | dry | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/8/65/