The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories, The Star Boy, sentence 49
They could see his tracks where he had walked straight by them.
Who acts: things, boy · What happens: see, walk · To what, where: tracks
This is a sentence of «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, The Star Boy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (things, boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 see | nsubj |
| 2 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 3 see | aux |
| 3 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 tracks | nmod:poss |
| 5 | tracks | track | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 see | obj |
| 6 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 9 walked | advmod |
| 7 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 walked | nsubj |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 walked | aux |
| 9 | walked | walk | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 see | parataxis |
| 10 | straight | straight | ADV | _ | 9 walked | advmod |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 them | case |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 walked | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 see | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | could | things = thing | boy's tracks | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer track=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | walk | past · perfect | boy | by things = thing; straight property | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by they=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Punishment of the Stingy, and Other Indian Stories» by George Bird Grinnell, Project Gutenberg book 66596 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66596/9/49/