The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Opening, sentence 7
This is a tale which the runolainen of the far North used to sing in hovel and hall, and which the heroes of primeval times learned by heart and taught to their children.
Who acts: This, runolainen, tale · What happens: be, use, sing, hero, learn, teach · To what, where: tale, hovel, primeval times, children
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, runolainen, tale), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 tale | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 tale | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 tale | det |
| 4 | tale | tale | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 used | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 runolainen | det |
| 7 | runolainen | runolainen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 used | nsubj |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 North | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 North | det |
| 10 | far | far | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 North | amod |
| 11 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 runolainen | nmod |
| 12 | used | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 tale | acl:relcl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 sing | mark |
| 14 | sing | sing | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 used | xcomp |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 hovel | case |
| 16 | hovel | hovel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 sing | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 hall | cc |
| 18 | hall | hall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hovel | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 heroes | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 heroes | cc |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 heroes | nsubj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 heroes | det |
| 23 | heroes | hero | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 tale | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 times | case |
| 25 | primeval | primeval | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 times | compound |
| 26 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 heroes | nmod |
| 27 | learned | learn | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 times | acl |
| 28 | by | by | ADP | _ | 29 heart | case |
| 29 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 learned | obl |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 taught | cc |
| 31 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 learned | conj |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 34 children | case |
| 33 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 children | nmod:poss |
| 34 | children | child | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 taught | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 tale | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | This | a tale and the heroes | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | use | past | the runolainen of the far North | a tale and the heroes | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent which=Theme clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | to-infinitive | the runolainen of the far North not said here | hovel and hall | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in hovel=Location | ||||
| 4 | hero | a tale and the heroes | time | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | learn | participle | primeval times not said here | by heart | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | teach speech: other | past | HEROES's children | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient how S»: agent=Agent to child=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/1/7/