The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Caldron, sentence 6
They came on snowshoes and in reindeer sledges, battling with the wintry storm winds and heeding not the cold.
Who acts: Herdsmen · What happens: come, battle, heed · To what, where: snowshoes, cold
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Caldron. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Herdsmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 came | nsubj |
| 2 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | on | on | ADP | _ | 4 snowshoes | case |
| 4 | snowshoes | snowshoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 came | obl |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 sledges | cc |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 sledges | case |
| 7 | reindeer | reindeer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 sledges | compound |
| 8 | sledges | sledge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 snowshoes | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 battling | punct |
| 10 | battling | battle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 came | advcl |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 winds | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 winds | det |
| 13 | wintry | wintry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 winds | amod |
| 14 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 winds | compound |
| 15 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 battling | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 heeding | cc |
| 17 | heeding | heed | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 battling | conj |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 cold | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 cold | det |
| 20 | cold | cold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 heeding | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Herdsmen = herdsman | snowshoes and reindeer sledges | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on snowshoe=Location | ||||
| 2 | battle | gerund | Herdsmen = herdsman not said here | with the wintry storm winds | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with wind=Co-Agent | ||||
| 3 | heed | gerund | Herdsmen = herdsman not said here | the cold | vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/10/6/