The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 28
The smoke rose in clouds of ink-like blackness and floated in vast masses over the mountains and the sea.
Who acts: smoke · What happens: rise, float, cloud · To what, where: clouds, vast masses, like blackness
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 smoke | det |
| 2 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rose | nsubj |
| 3 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 clouds | case |
| 5 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rose | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 blackness | case |
| 7 | ink | ink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 like | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 ink | punct |
| 9 | like | like | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 blackness | amod |
| 10 | blackness | blackness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 clouds | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 floated | cc |
| 12 | floated | float | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 blackness | conj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 masses | case |
| 14 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 masses | amod |
| 15 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 floated | obl |
| 16 | over | over | ADP | _ | 18 mountains | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 mountains | det |
| 18 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 masses | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 sea | cc |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 sea | det |
| 21 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 mountains | conj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 rose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rise | past | the smoke | clouds of like blackness | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in cloud=Location | ||||
| 2 | float | participle | the smoke not said here | vast masses over the mountains and the sea | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in mass=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | cloud | like blackness | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/11/28/