The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Forging of the Sampo, sentence 29
For three anxious days and three sleepless nights the winds toiled and paused not; and Ilmarinen sang magic incantations, and heaped fresh fuel upon the fire, and cheered his helpers with shouts and cries and words of enchantment which wizards alone can speak.
Who acts: winds, Ilmarinen, helpers, wizards · What happens: toil, not pause, sing, heap, cheer, shout · To what, where: magic incantations, fresh fuel, fire, words, enchantment · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Forging of the Sampo. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (winds, Ilmarinen, helpers, wizards), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 4 days | case |
| 2 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 days | nummod |
| 3 | anxious | anxious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 days | amod |
| 4 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 toiled | obl |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 nights | cc |
| 6 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 nights | nummod |
| 7 | sleepless | sleepless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 nights | amod |
| 8 | nights | night | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 days | conj |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 winds | det |
| 10 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 toiled | nsubj |
| 11 | toiled | toil | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 paused | cc |
| 13 | paused | pause | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 toiled | conj |
| 14 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 paused | advmod |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 18 sang | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 sang | cc |
| 17 | Ilmarinen | Ilmarinen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 sang | nsubj |
| 18 | sang | sing | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 toiled | conj |
| 19 | magic | magic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 incantations | amod |
| 20 | incantations | incantation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 sang | obj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 heaped | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 heaped | cc |
| 23 | heaped | heap | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 toiled | conj |
| 24 | fresh | fresh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 fuel | amod |
| 25 | fuel | fuel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 heaped | obj |
| 26 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 28 fire | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 fire | det |
| 28 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 heaped | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 cheered | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 cheered | cc |
| 31 | cheered | cheer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 toiled | conj |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 helpers | nmod:poss |
| 33 | helpers | helper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 shouts | nsubj |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 shouts | case |
| 35 | shouts | shout | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 cheered | ccomp |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 cries | cc |
| 37 | cries | cry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 shouts | conj |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 words | cc |
| 39 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 cries | obj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 enchantment | case |
| 41 | enchantment | enchantment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 words | nmod |
| 42 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 43 wizards | det |
| 43 | wizards | wizard | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 speak | nsubj |
| 44 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 43 wizards | advmod |
| 45 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 46 speak | aux |
| 46 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 39 words | acl:relcl |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 toiled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | toil | past | the winds | day | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | not pause | past | the winds not said here | vn linger-53.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | sing speech: express | past | Ilmarinen | magic incantations | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location incantation=Theme | ||||
| 4 | heap | past | the winds not said here | fresh fuel | the fire | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fuel=Theme upon fire=Destination | |||
| 5 | cheer | past | the winds not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | shout speech: express | present | Ilmarinen's helpers | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | cry speech: express | present | Ilmarinen's helpers not said here | words of enchantment | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | ||||
| 8 | speak speech: other | can | which wizards | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | word | enchantment | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/11/29/