The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Unfinished Boat, sentence 157
“You speak truly,” said a voice beside him—it was the voice of Sampsa, the little man of the woods: “You speak truly; and since you are not a coward, what will you next dare to do?”
Who acts: You, voice, maxim, coward · What happens: speak, say, be, not be, dare, do · To what, where: voice, coward · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Unfinished Boat. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (You, voice, maxim, coward), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 speak | punct |
| 2 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 speak | nsubj |
| 3 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 said | ccomp |
| 4 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 3 speak | advmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 speak | punct |
| 6 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 speak | punct |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 voice | det |
| 9 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obj |
| 10 | beside | beside | ADP | _ | 11 him | case |
| 11 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 said | obl |
| 12 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 16 voice | punct |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 voice | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 voice | cop |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 voice | det |
| 16 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 Sampsa | case |
| 18 | Sampsa | Sampsa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 voice | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 man | punct |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 man | det |
| 21 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 man | amod |
| 22 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 voice | conj |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 woods | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 woods | det |
| 25 | woods | wood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 man | nmod |
| 26 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 29 speak | punct |
| 27 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 29 speak | punct |
| 28 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 29 speak | nsubj |
| 29 | speak | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 man | parataxis |
| 30 | truly | truly | ADV | _ | 29 speak | advmod |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 38 coward | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 coward | cc |
| 33 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 38 coward | mark |
| 34 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 38 coward | nsubj |
| 35 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 38 coward | cop |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 38 coward | advmod |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 coward | det |
| 38 | coward | coward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 said | ccomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 dare | punct |
| 40 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 44 dare | nsubj |
| 41 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 44 dare | aux |
| 42 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 44 dare | nsubj |
| 43 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 dare | amod |
| 44 | dare | dare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 coward | parataxis |
| 45 | to | to | PART | _ | 46 do | mark |
| 46 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 dare | acl |
| 47 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 44 dare | punct |
| 48 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 38 coward | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speak speech: other in a quote | present | You | truly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: ask | past | a voice | beside Tuoni | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | be speech: other | past | maxim | the voice and the little man of the woods | of Sampsa; the little man of the woods conj | tree rules | |||
| 4 | speak speech: other in a quote | present | You | truly property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | not is a in a quote | present | you | a coward | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | dare in a quote | future | a coward | you nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | do in a quote | to-infinitive | you not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/13/157/