The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Launching, sentence 7
The swallows under the eaves had not yet begun to twitter at the approach of day.
Who acts: swallows, day · What happens: not begin, not twitter, approach
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Launching. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (swallows, day), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 swallows | det |
| 2 | swallows | swallow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 begun | nsubj |
| 3 | under | under | ADP | _ | 5 eaves | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 eaves | det |
| 5 | eaves | eave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 swallows | nmod |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 begun | aux |
| 7 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 begun | advmod |
| 8 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 9 begun | advmod |
| 9 | begun | begin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 twitter | mark |
| 11 | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 begun | xcomp | ||
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 14 approach | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 approach | det |
| 14 | approach | approach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 twitter | obl |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 day | case |
| 16 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 approach | nmod |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 begun | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not begin | past · perfect | the swallows under the eaves | yet | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | not twitter | to-infinitive | the swallows under the eaves not said here | at the approach of day | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Agent at approach=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | approach | day | nom approach «act intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/18/7/