The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Maid of the Morning, sentence 123
Before the astonished Minstrel could think of anything to say, yes, before he could call to mind a single magic word, she had reached the higher ground and was lost to sight among the stunted pines and cedars.
Who acts: astonished Minstrel, Minstrel, wind · What happens: think, say, call, mind, reach, lose · To what, where: single magic word, higher ground, sight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Maid of the Morning. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (astonished Minstrel, Minstrel, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | SCONJ | _ | 6 think | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Minstrel | det |
| 3 | astonished | astonished | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 Minstrel | amod |
| 4 | Minstrel | minstrel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 think | nsubj |
| 5 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 think | aux |
| 6 | think | think | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 call | advcl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 anything | case |
| 8 | anything | anything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 6 think | obl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 say | mark |
| 10 | say | say | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 anything | acl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 think | punct |
| 12 | yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 6 think | discourse |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 call | punct |
| 14 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 17 call | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 call | nsubj |
| 16 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 call | aux |
| 17 | call | call | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 mind | mark |
| 19 | mind | mind | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 call | xcomp |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 word | det |
| 21 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 word | amod |
| 22 | magic | magic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 word | compound |
| 23 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 mind | obj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 reached | punct |
| 25 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 reached | nsubj |
| 26 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 reached | aux |
| 27 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 call | parataxis |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 ground | det |
| 29 | higher | high | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 30 ground | amod |
| 30 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 reached | obj |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 lost | cc |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 lost | aux:pass |
| 33 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 reached | conj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 sight | mark |
| 35 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 lost | xcomp |
| 36 | among | among | ADP | _ | 39 pines | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 pines | det |
| 38 | stunted | stunt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 pines | amod |
| 39 | pines | pine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 lost | obl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 cedars | cc |
| 41 | cedars | cedar | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 pines | conj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 call | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | think speech: other | could | the astonished Minstrel | of anything | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | to-infinitive | the astonished Minstrel not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | call speech: assert | could | Minstrel | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | mind | to-infinitive | Minstrel not said here | a single magic word | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme | ||||
| 5 | reach | past · perfect | wind | the higher ground | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent ground=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lose | past · passive | wind not said here | sight | among the stunted pines and cedars | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V» | |||
| 7 | stunt | participle | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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