The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, Mistress and Minstrel, sentence 167
The Minstrel cracked his whip joyfully, the reindeer sprang forward, the journey homeward was begun.
Who acts: Minstrel, reindeer · What happens: crack, spring, begin · To what, where: whip, journey homeward
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Mistress and Minstrel. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Minstrel, reindeer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Minstrel | det |
| 2 | Minstrel | Minstrel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 cracked | nsubj |
| 3 | cracked | crack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 whip | nmod:poss |
| 5 | whip | whip | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cracked | obj |
| 6 | joyfully | joyfully | ADV | _ | 3 cracked | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 sprang | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 reindeer | det |
| 9 | reindeer | reindeer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 sprang | nsubj |
| 10 | sprang | spring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 cracked | parataxis |
| 11 | forward | forward | ADV | _ | 10 sprang | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 begun | punct |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 homeward | det |
| 14 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 homeward | compound |
| 15 | homeward | homeward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 begun | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 begun | aux:pass |
| 17 | begun | begin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 sprang | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 cracked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | crack | past | the Minstrel | sky's whip | joyfully property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location whip=Theme | |||
| 2 | spring | past | the reindeer | forward property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | begin | past · passive | the journey homeward | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/2/167/