The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Wedding Feast, sentence 47
On land she heard the clatter of reindeers’ hoofs, the galloping of horses, the rattle of sledges and the grating of their birchwood runners upon the sand.
Who acts: Dame, hoofs, sledges · What happens: hear, gallop, clatter, rattle · To what, where: clatter, land
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Wedding Feast. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dame, hoofs, sledges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 2 land | case |
| 2 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obl |
| 3 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 clatter | det |
| 6 | clatter | clatter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 hoofs | case |
| 8 | reindeers | reindeer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 hoofs | nmod:poss |
| 9 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 8 reindeers | case |
| 10 | hoofs | hoof | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 clatter | nmod |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 galloping | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 galloping | det |
| 13 | galloping | gallop | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 heard | advcl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 horses | case |
| 15 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 galloping | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 rattle | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 rattle | det |
| 18 | rattle | rattle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 horses | conj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 sledges | case |
| 20 | sledges | sledge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 rattle | nmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 grating | cc |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 grating | det |
| 23 | grating | grating | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 horses | conj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 runners | case |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 runners | nmod:poss |
| 26 | birchwood | birchwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 runners | compound |
| 27 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 grating | nmod |
| 28 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 30 sand | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 sand | det |
| 30 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 runners | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Dame | the clatter of reindeers's hoofs | land | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer clatter=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | gallop | gerund | Dame not said here | of horses and the rattle of sledges and the grating of sledges's birchwood runners upon the sand | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of horse=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | clatter | reindeers's hoofs | nom clatter «event intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 4 | rattle | sledges | nom rattle «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/27/47/