The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Famine, sentence 2
The sky was cloudless and gray and the ground was parched and dry for long lack of rain.
Who acts: sky · What happens: be, parch, lack · To what, where: ground, rain
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Famine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sky), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sky | det |
| 2 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cloudless | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 cloudless | cop |
| 4 | cloudless | cloudless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 gray | cc |
| 6 | gray | gray | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cloudless | conj |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 parched | cc |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ground | det |
| 9 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 parched | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 parched | aux:pass |
| 11 | parched | parch | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 cloudless | conj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 dry | cc |
| 13 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 parched | conj |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 16 lack | case |
| 15 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 lack | amod |
| 16 | lack | lack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 parched | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 rain | case |
| 18 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 lack | nmod |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 cloudless | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the sky | cloudless property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | the sky not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | parch | past · passive | the ground | for long lack of rain | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | lack | rain | nom lack «state transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/32/2/