The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Tree of Magic, sentence 18
Loudly the birchwood runners rang upon the frozen ground, smoothly they sped over the hoarfrost and the glistening ice.
Who acts: birchwood runners, runners · What happens: ring, freeze, speed, glisten · To what, where: frozen ground, hoarfrost
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Tree of Magic. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birchwood runners, runners), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Loudly | loudly | ADV | _ | 5 rang | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 runners | det |
| 3 | birchwood | birchwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 runners | compound |
| 4 | runners | runner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 rang | nsubj |
| 5 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 9 ground | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 ground | det |
| 8 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 ground | amod |
| 9 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rang | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sped | punct |
| 11 | smoothly | smoothly | ADV | _ | 13 sped | advmod |
| 12 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 sped | nsubj |
| 13 | sped | speed | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 rang | conj |
| 14 | over | over | ADP | _ | 16 hoarfrost | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 hoarfrost | det |
| 16 | hoarfrost | hoarfrost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sped | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 ice | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 ice | det |
| 19 | glistening | glisten | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 20 ice | amod |
| 20 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 hoarfrost | conj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rang | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ring | past | the birchwood runners | the frozen ground | loudly property | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon ground=Location | |||
| 2 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | speed | past | runners = runner | the hoarfrost and the glistening ice | smoothly property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over hoarfrost=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | glisten | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/6/18/