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The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 5

Then in the distance thin wreaths of smoke could be seen rising above the crest of a hill—and the Minstrel knew that at the foot of that hill his own little village of Wainola was nestling in peace and quietude.

Who acts: thin wreaths, Minstrel, own little village · What happens: see, rise, know, nestle · To what, where: thin wreaths, crest, foot · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thin wreaths, Minstrel, own little village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodcasedetoblamodnsubj:passcasenmodauxaux:passxcompcasedetoblcasedetnmodpunctccdetnsubjconjmarkcasedetoblcasedetnmodnmod:possamodamodnsubjcasenmodauxccompcaseoblccconjpunctrootThenADVinADPtheDETdistanceNOUNthinADJwreathsNOUNofADPsmokeNOUNcouldAUXbeAUXseenVERBrisingVERBaboveADPtheDETcrestNOUNofADPaDEThillNOUN—PUNCTandCCONJtheDETMinstrelPROPNknewVERBthatSCONJatADPtheDETfootNOUNofADPthatDEThillNOUNhisPRONownADJlittleADJvillageNOUNofADPWainolaPROPNwasAUXnestlingVERBinADPpeaceNOUNandCCONJquietudeNOUN.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ThenthenADVPronType=Dem11 seenadvmod
2ininADP_4 distancecase
3thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art4 distancedet
4distancedistanceNOUNNumber=Sing11 seenobl
5thinthinADJDegree=Pos6 wreathsamod
6wreathswreathNOUNNumber=Plur11 seennsubj:pass
7ofofADP_8 smokecase
8smokesmokeNOUNNumber=Sing6 wreathsnmod
9couldcouldAUXVerbForm=Fin11 seenaux
10bebeAUXVerbForm=Inf11 seenaux:pass
11seenseeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
12risingriseVERBVerbForm=Ger11 seenxcomp
13aboveaboveADP_15 crestcase
14thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art15 crestdet
15crestcrestNOUNNumber=Sing12 risingobl
16ofofADP_18 hillcase
17aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art18 hilldet
18hillhillNOUNNumber=Sing15 crestnmod
19—-PUNCT_11 seenpunct
20andandCCONJ_23 knewcc
21thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art22 Minstreldet
22MinstrelMinstrelPROPNNumber=Sing23 knewnsubj
23knewknowVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin11 seenconj
24thatthatSCONJ_38 nestlingmark
25atatADP_27 footcase
26thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art27 footdet
27footfootNOUNNumber=Sing38 nestlingobl
28ofofADP_30 hillcase
29thatthatDETNumber=Sing PronType=Dem30 hilldet
30hillhillNOUNNumber=Sing27 footnmod
31hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs34 villagenmod:poss
32ownownADJDegree=Pos34 villageamod
33littlelittleADJDegree=Pos34 villageamod
34villagevillageNOUNNumber=Sing38 nestlingnsubj
35ofofADP_36 Wainolacase
36WainolaWainolaPROPNNumber=Sing34 villagenmod
37wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin38 nestlingaux
38nestlingnestleVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part23 knewccomp
39ininADP_40 peacecase
40peacepeaceNOUNNumber=Sing38 nestlingobl
41andandCCONJ_42 quietudecc
42quietudequietudeNOUNNumber=Sing40 peaceconj
43..PUNCT_11 seenpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1seecould · passivethin wreaths of smokethenin the distancetree rules
2risegerundthin wreaths of smoke not said herethe crest of a hillvn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above crest=Location
3knowpastthe Minstrelvn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
4nestlepast · progressiveMinstrel's own little village of Wainolathe foot of that hillin peace and quietudevn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at foot=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66819/7/5/