The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North, The Smithy, sentence 5
Then in the distance thin wreaths of smoke could be seen rising above the crest of a hill—and the Minstrel knew that at the foot of that hill his own little village of Wainola was nestling in peace and quietude.
Who acts: thin wreaths, Minstrel, own little village · What happens: see, rise, know, nestle · To what, where: thin wreaths, crest, foot · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, The Smithy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thin wreaths, Minstrel, own little village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 seen | advmod |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 4 distance | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 distance | det |
| 4 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 seen | obl |
| 5 | thin | thin | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 wreaths | amod |
| 6 | wreaths | wreath | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 smoke | case |
| 8 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 wreaths | nmod |
| 9 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 seen | aux |
| 10 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 seen | aux:pass |
| 11 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 12 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 seen | xcomp |
| 13 | above | above | ADP | _ | 15 crest | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 crest | det |
| 15 | crest | crest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 rising | obl |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 hill | case |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 hill | det |
| 18 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 crest | nmod |
| 19 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 seen | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 knew | cc |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 Minstrel | det |
| 22 | Minstrel | Minstrel | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 knew | nsubj |
| 23 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 seen | conj |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 38 nestling | mark |
| 25 | at | at | ADP | _ | 27 foot | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 foot | det |
| 27 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 nestling | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 hill | case |
| 29 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 30 hill | det |
| 30 | hill | hill | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 foot | nmod |
| 31 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 village | nmod:poss |
| 32 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 village | amod |
| 33 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 village | amod |
| 34 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 nestling | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 Wainola | case |
| 36 | Wainola | Wainola | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 village | nmod |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 nestling | aux |
| 38 | nestling | nestle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 knew | ccomp |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 40 peace | case |
| 40 | peace | peace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 nestling | obl |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 quietude | cc |
| 42 | quietude | quietude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 peace | conj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | could · passive | thin wreaths of smoke | then | in the distance | tree rules | |||
| 2 | rise | gerund | thin wreaths of smoke not said here | the crest of a hill | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent above crest=Location | ||||
| 3 | know | past | the Minstrel | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | nestle | past · progressive | Minstrel's own little village of Wainola | the foot of that hill | in peace and quietude | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at foot=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The Sampo: A Wonder Tale of the Old North» by James Baldwin, Project Gutenberg book 66819 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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