The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8, sentence 38
Surely my sins in a former birth were terrible in their enormity: for I have suffered in this existence pain sufficient for many lives.
Who acts: sins, I · What happens: be, suffer · To what, where: enormity, existence pain
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sins, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Surely | surely | ADV | _ | 9 terrible | advmod |
| 2 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 sins | nmod:poss |
| 3 | sins | sin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 terrible | nsubj |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 birth | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 birth | det |
| 6 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 birth | amod |
| 7 | birth | birth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 sins | nmod |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 terrible | cop |
| 9 | terrible | terrible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 enormity | case |
| 11 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 enormity | nmod:poss |
| 12 | enormity | enormity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 terrible | obl |
| 13 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 suffered | punct |
| 14 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 17 suffered | mark |
| 15 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 17 suffered | nsubj |
| 16 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 suffered | aux |
| 17 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 enormity | acl:relcl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 pain | case |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 pain | det |
| 20 | existence | existence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 pain | compound |
| 21 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 suffered | obl |
| 22 | sufficient | sufficient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 pain | amod |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 lives | case |
| 24 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 lives | amod |
| 25 | lives | life | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 sufficient | obl |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 terrible | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | my sins in a former birth | sins's enormity | surely, terrible property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | suffer | present · perfect | I | sins's enormity not said here | this existence pain | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer enormity=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/10/38/