The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 1, sentence 107
And a great uproar arose in the streets of the city, and they were full of noise and shouting: and the news was carried into the neighbouring kingdoms, and immediately crowds of people poured into Indirálaya from every part of Málwá and the Deckan and the North, and every quarter of the world, and together with the merchants and the working castes, who all abandoned their ordinary business, gathered in knots and stood about, asking eagerly for news of that Lotus Land, and its nature, and its locality, and its peculiarities.
Who acts: great uproar, streets, crowds, working castes · What happens: arise, be, carry, pour, abandon, gather · To what, where: nature, streets, news, neighbouring kingdoms, Indirálaya, ordinary business
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great uproar, streets, crowds, working castes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 arose | cc |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 uproar | det |
| 3 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 uproar | amod |
| 4 | uproar | uproar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arose | nsubj |
| 5 | arose | arise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 streets | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 streets | det |
| 8 | streets | street | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 arose | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 city | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 city | det |
| 11 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 streets | nmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 full | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 full | cc |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 full | nsubj |
| 15 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 full | cop |
| 16 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 arose | advcl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 noise | case |
| 18 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 full | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 shouting | cc |
| 20 | shouting | shouting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 noise | conj |
| 21 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 carried | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 carried | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 news | det |
| 24 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 carried | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 carried | aux:pass |
| 26 | carried | carry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 arose | parataxis |
| 27 | into | into | ADP | _ | 30 kingdoms | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 kingdoms | det |
| 29 | neighbouring | neighbouring | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 kingdoms | amod |
| 30 | kingdoms | kingdom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 carried | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 poured | punct |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 poured | cc |
| 33 | immediately | immediately | ADV | _ | 34 crowds | advmod |
| 34 | crowds | crowd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 poured | nsubj |
| 35 | of | of | ADP | _ | 36 people | case |
| 36 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 crowds | nmod |
| 37 | poured | pour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 carried | parataxis |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 39 Indirálaya | case |
| 39 | Indirálaya | Indirálaya | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 poured | obl |
| 40 | from | from | ADP | _ | 42 part | case |
| 41 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 42 part | det |
| 42 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 poured | obl |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 Málwá | case |
| 44 | Málwá | Málwá | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 part | nmod |
| 45 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 Deckan | cc |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 Deckan | det |
| 47 | Deckan | Deckan | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 Málwá | conj |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 North | cc |
| 49 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 North | det |
| 50 | North | North | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 Málwá | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 quarter | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 quarter | cc |
| 53 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 54 quarter | det |
| 54 | quarter | quarter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arose | parataxis |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 57 world | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 world | det |
| 57 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 quarter | nmod |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 together | punct |
| 59 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 60 together | cc |
| 60 | together | together | ADV | _ | 5 arose | advmod |
| 61 | with | with | ADP | _ | 63 merchants | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 merchants | det |
| 63 | merchants | merchant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 arose | obl |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 67 castes | cc |
| 65 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 67 castes | det |
| 66 | working | working | NOUN | Number=Sing | 67 castes | compound |
| 67 | castes | caste | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 merchants | nmod |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 71 abandoned | punct |
| 69 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 71 abandoned | nsubj |
| 70 | all | all | ADV | _ | 71 abandoned | advmod |
| 71 | abandoned | abandon | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 castes | parataxis |
| 72 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 74 business | nmod:poss |
| 73 | ordinary | ordinary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 business | amod |
| 74 | business | business | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 abandoned | obj |
| 75 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 76 gathered | punct |
| 76 | gathered | gather | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 74 business | acl |
| 77 | in | in | ADP | _ | 78 knots | case |
| 78 | knots | knot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 76 gathered | obl |
| 79 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 80 stood | cc |
| 80 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 71 abandoned | conj |
| 81 | about | about | ADV | _ | 80 stood | advmod |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 83 asking | punct |
| 83 | asking | ask | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 80 stood | advcl |
| 84 | eagerly | eagerly | ADV | _ | 83 asking | advmod |
| 85 | for | for | ADP | _ | 86 news | case |
| 86 | news | news | NOUN | Number=Sing | 83 asking | obl |
| 87 | of | of | ADP | _ | 90 Land | case |
| 88 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 90 Land | nsubj |
| 89 | Lotus | Lotus | PROPN | Number=Sing | 90 Land | compound |
| 90 | Land | Land | PROPN | Number=Sing | 86 news | nmod |
| 91 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 94 nature | punct |
| 92 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 94 nature | cc |
| 93 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 94 nature | nmod:poss |
| 94 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arose | obl |
| 95 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 98 locality | punct |
| 96 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 98 locality | cc |
| 97 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 98 locality | nmod:poss |
| 98 | locality | locality | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arose | obl |
| 99 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 102 peculiarities | punct |
| 100 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 102 peculiarities | cc |
| 101 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 102 peculiarities | nmod:poss |
| 102 | peculiarities | peculiarity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 arose | obl |
| 103 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 arose | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | arise | past | a great uproar | news's nature | the streets of the city | with the merchants the working castes; news's locality obl; news's peculiarities obl; every quarter of the world parataxis; together property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in street=Location | ||
| 2 | is | past | streets = street | of noise and shouting; full property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | carry | past · passive | the news | the neighbouring kingdoms | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 4 | pour | past | crowds of people | Indirálaya | from every part of Málwá and the Deckan and the North | vn pour-9.5 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme into indirálaya=Destination from part=Initial_Location | |||
| 5 | abandon | past | the working castes | crowds's ordinary business | all property | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme business=Source | |||
| 6 | gather | participle | crowds's ordinary business not said here | knots | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 7 | stand | past | the working castes not said here | about property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | ask speech: ask | gerund | the working castes not said here | for news of Lotus Land that; eagerly property | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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