The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2, sentence 80
And all his audacity had vanished, and become timidity, and he faltered, and spoke, not knowing what he said, with a voice that refused its office, and sounded in his ears like that of another man.
Who acts: audacity, Umra, voice · What happens: vanish, become, falter, speak, not know, say · To what, where: timidity, office, ears · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, A Sleep and a Dream., part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (audacity, Umra, voice), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 vanished | cc |
| 2 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 4 audacity | det:predet |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 audacity | nmod:poss |
| 4 | audacity | audacity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 vanished | nsubj |
| 5 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 vanished | aux |
| 6 | vanished | vanish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 become | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 become | cc |
| 9 | become | become | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 vanished | advcl |
| 10 | timidity | timidity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 become | xcomp |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 faltered | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 faltered | cc |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 faltered | nsubj |
| 14 | faltered | falter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 vanished | parataxis |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 spoke | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 spoke | cc |
| 17 | spoke | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 faltered | parataxis |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 knowing | punct |
| 19 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 knowing | advmod |
| 20 | knowing | know | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 spoke | advcl |
| 21 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 23 said | obj |
| 22 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 said | nsubj |
| 23 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 knowing | ccomp |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 voice | punct |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 voice | case |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 voice | det |
| 27 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 said | obl |
| 28 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 refused | nsubj |
| 29 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 voice | acl:relcl |
| 30 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 office | nmod:poss |
| 31 | office | office | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 refused | obj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 sounded | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 sounded | cc |
| 34 | sounded | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 faltered | conj |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 37 ears | case |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 ears | nmod:poss |
| 37 | ears | ear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 sounded | obl |
| 38 | like | like | ADP | _ | 39 that | case |
| 39 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 37 ears | nmod |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 man | case |
| 41 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 42 man | det |
| 42 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 that | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 vanished | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | vanish | past · perfect | Umra's audacity | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | become | infinitive | Umra's audacity not said here | timidity | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | falter | past | Umra | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | speak speech: other | past | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 5 | not know | gerund | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | past | Umra | with a voice; what obj | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: agent=Agent what=Theme with voice=Manner | ||||
| 7 | refuse | past | a voice | audacity's office | vn reject-77.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent office=Theme | ||||
| 8 | sound | past | Umra not said here | Umra's ears like that of another man | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ear=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «The descent of the sun: A cycle of birth» by Unknown, Project Gutenberg book 68641 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg68641/4/80/