Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 108
The approximate date of the importation of rods into this country is probably known, and cannot be more than about sixty years ago, and most likely considerably less.
What happens: know, not be, import · To what, where: approximate date, rods
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 date | det |
| 2 | approximate | approximate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 date | amod |
| 3 | date | date | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 known | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 importation | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 importation | det |
| 6 | importation | importation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 date | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 rods | case |
| 8 | rods | rod | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 importation | nmod |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 country | case |
| 10 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 country | det |
| 11 | country | country | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 rods | nmod |
| 12 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 known | aux:pass |
| 13 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 14 known | advmod |
| 14 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 more | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 more | cc |
| 17 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 more | aux |
| 18 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 more | advmod |
| 19 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 more | cop |
| 20 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 23 sixty | advmod |
| 21 | than | than | ADP | _ | 20 more | fixed |
| 22 | about | about | ADV | _ | 23 sixty | advmod |
| 23 | sixty | sixty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 years | nummod |
| 24 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 ago | obl:unmarked |
| 25 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 14 known | advmod |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 less | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 less | cc |
| 28 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 29 likely | advmod |
| 29 | likely | likely | ADV | _ | 30 considerably | advmod |
| 30 | considerably | considerably | ADV | _ | 31 less | advmod |
| 31 | less | less | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 14 known | advmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 known | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present · passive | the approximate date of the importation of rods into this country | ago, less, probably property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | not is | can | more property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | import | rods into this country | nom importation «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/108/