Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 109
The author is of the opinion that in the early days there was no form of native currency in the Ikom district.
Who acts: author, that · What happens: be, form · To what, where: native currency
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (author, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 author | det |
| 2 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 opinion | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 opinion | cop |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 opinion | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 opinion | det |
| 6 | opinion | opinion | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 was | nsubj |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 days | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 days | det |
| 10 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 days | amod |
| 11 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 was | obl |
| 12 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 13 was | expl |
| 13 | was | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 opinion | conj |
| 14 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 15 form | det |
| 15 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 was | nsubj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 currency | case |
| 17 | native | native | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 currency | amod |
| 18 | currency | currency | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 form | nmod |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 district | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 district | det |
| 21 | Ikom | Ikom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 district | compound |
| 22 | district | district | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 currency | nmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 opinion | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the author | of the opinion | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | past | that | there | day | no form of native currency in the Ikom district nsubj | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||
| 3 | form | native currency in the Ikom district | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/109/