Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 11
These folk stories have been told to me by natives of the various countries to which they relate in the Ikom district of Southern Nigeria.
Who acts: natives, STORIES · What happens: tell, relate · To what, where: folk stories, me, Ikom district · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives, STORIES), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 stories | det |
| 2 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stories | compound |
| 3 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 told | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 told | aux |
| 5 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 told | aux:pass |
| 6 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 me | case |
| 8 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 6 told | obl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 10 natives | case |
| 10 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 told | obl |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 countries | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 countries | det |
| 13 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 countries | amod |
| 14 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 natives | nmod |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 which | case |
| 16 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 relate | obl |
| 17 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 relate | nsubj |
| 18 | relate | relate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 countries | acl:relcl |
| 19 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 district | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 district | det |
| 21 | Ikom | Ikom | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 district | compound |
| 22 | district | district | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 relate | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 Nigeria | case |
| 24 | Southern | Southern | PROPN | _ | 25 Nigeria | flat |
| 25 | Nigeria | Nigeria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 district | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | natives of the various countries | this folk stories | me | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Topic to i=Recipient | |||
| 2 | relate | present | STORIES = story | the Ikom district of Southern Nigeria | to the various countries | vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme to which=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/11/