Mova0.5 pre-release⌕
☰
home / corpora / tales / Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria / Opening / 72

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 72

It must seem incredible to people at home that a man can die because a ju-ju has been made against him--for example, two sticks crossed on the path with, say, a rotten egg and a fowl stuck on a stick, the man’s name having been “called.”

Who acts: It, man, name · What happens: seem, die, make, cross, say, stick · To what, where: that, ju ju, two sticks, path, rotten egg, fowl · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, man, name), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjauxxcompcaseoblcasenmodobjdetnsubjauxconjmarkdetcompoundpunctnsubj:passauxaux:passadvclcaseoblpunctcaseoblpunctnummodoblaclcasedetobloblpunctconjpunctdetamodobjccdetconjaclcasedetoblpunctdetnmod:posscaseconjaclaux:passpunctxcomppunctpunctrootItPRONmustAUXseemVERBincredibleADJtoADPpeopleNOUNatADPhomeNOUNthatPRONaDETmanNOUNcanAUXdieVERBbecauseSCONJaDETjuNOUN-PUNCTjuNOUNhasAUXbeenAUXmadeVERBagainstADPhimPRON--PUNCTforADPexampleNOUN,PUNCTtwoNUMsticksNOUNcrossedVERBonADPtheDETpathNOUNwithADP,PUNCTsayVERB,PUNCTaDETrottenADJeggNOUNandCCONJaDETfowlNOUNstuckVERBonADPaDETstickNOUN,PUNCTtheDETmanNOUN’sPARTnameNOUNhavingVERBbeenAUX“PUNCTcalledVERB.PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1ItitPRONCase=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs3 seemnsubj
2mustmustAUXVerbForm=Fin3 seemaux
3seemseemVERBVerbForm=Infrootroot
4incredibleincredibleADJDegree=Pos3 seemxcomp
5totoADP_6 peoplecase
6peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur13 dieobl
7atatADP_8 homecase
8homehomeNOUNNumber=Sing6 peoplenmod
9thatthatPRONPronType=Rel13 dieobj
10aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art11 mandet
11manmanNOUNNumber=Sing13 diensubj
12cancanAUXVerbForm=Fin13 dieaux
13diedieVERBVerbForm=Inf3 seemconj
14becausebecauseSCONJ_21 mademark
15aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art18 judet
16jujuNOUNNumber=Sing18 jucompound
17--PUNCT_16 jupunct
18jujuNOUNNumber=Sing21 madensubj:pass
19hashaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin21 madeaux
20beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part21 madeaux:pass
21mademakeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass13 dieadvcl
22againstagainstADP_23 himcase
23himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs21 madeobl
24----PUNCT_26 examplepunct
25forforADP_26 examplecase
26exampleexampleNOUNNumber=Sing21 madeobl
27,,PUNCT_29 stickspunct
28twotwoNUMNumForm=Word NumType=Card29 sticksnummod
29sticksstickNOUNNumber=Plur21 madeobl
30crossedcrossVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass29 sticksacl
31ononADP_33 pathcase
32thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art33 pathdet
33pathpathNOUNNumber=Sing30 crossedobl
34withwithADP_30 crossedobl
35,,PUNCT_36 saypunct
36saysayVERBVerbForm=Inf13 dieconj
37,,PUNCT_40 eggpunct
38aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art40 eggdet
39rottenrottenADJDegree=Pos40 eggamod
40eggeggNOUNNumber=Sing36 sayobj
41andandCCONJ_43 fowlcc
42aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art43 fowldet
43fowlfowlNOUNNumber=Sing40 eggconj
44stuckstickVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass43 fowlacl
45ononADP_47 stickcase
46aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art47 stickdet
47stickstickNOUNNumber=Sing44 stuckobl
48,,PUNCT_52 namepunct
49thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art50 mandet
50manmanNOUNNumber=Sing52 namenmod:poss
51’s'sPART_50 mancase
52namenameNOUNNumber=Sing40 eggconj
53havinghaveVERBVerbForm=Ger52 nameacl
54beenbeAUXTense=Past VerbForm=Part56 calledaux:pass
55“"PUNCT_56 calledpunct
56calledcallVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass53 havingxcomp
57..PUNCT_3 seempunct
58”"PUNCT_3 seempunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1seemmustItincredible propertyvn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme
2diecana manthatto people at hometree rules
3makepresent · perfect · passivea ju juagainst man; for example; two sticks oblvn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for example=Asset
4crossparticipletwo sticks not said herethe pathvn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5say speech: assertinfinitivea man not said herea rotten egg and a fowl and the man's namevn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent egg=Topic
6stickparticiplea fowl not said herea stickvn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on stick=Destination
7havegerundthe man's name not said heretree rules
8call in a quoteparticiple · passivethe man's name not said herevn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»
9namethe mannom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/72/