Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Opening, sentence 73
And yet one knows of numerous instances where men have died, and young, healthy men, too, against whom such a ju-ju has been made.
Who acts: one, men · What happens: know, die, make · To what, where: ju ju
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 knows | cc |
| 2 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 3 one | advmod |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 knows | nsubj |
| 4 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 instances | case |
| 6 | numerous | numerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 instances | amod |
| 7 | instances | instance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 knows | obl |
| 8 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 11 died | advmod |
| 9 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 died | nsubj |
| 10 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 died | aux |
| 11 | died | die | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 instances | acl:relcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 young | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 young | cc |
| 14 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 knows | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 men | punct |
| 16 | healthy | healthy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 men | amod |
| 17 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 young | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 too | punct |
| 19 | too | too | ADV | _ | 4 knows | advmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 whom | punct |
| 21 | against | against | ADP | _ | 22 whom | case |
| 22 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 knows | obl |
| 23 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 27 ju | det:predet |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 ju | det |
| 25 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 ju | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 ju | punct |
| 27 | ju | ju | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 made | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 made | aux |
| 29 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 30 made | aux:pass |
| 30 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 whom | acl:relcl |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 knows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | one | of numerous instances; whom obl | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of instance=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | die | present · perfect | men | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | make | present · perfect · passive | such ju ju | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/1/73/