Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 47
Aja placed his mats on the ground, and having sat down with his legs crossed, he cast lots.
Who acts: Aja, legs · What happens: place, sit down, cross, cast · To what, where: mats, ground, lots
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aja, legs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aja | Aja | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 placed | nsubj |
| 2 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 mats | nmod:poss |
| 4 | mats | mat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 placed | obj |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 ground | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ground | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 placed | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 sat | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 sat | cc |
| 10 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 sat | aux |
| 11 | sat | sit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 placed | parataxis |
| 12 | down | down | ADP | _ | 11 sat | compound:prt |
| 13 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 16 crossed | mark |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 legs | nmod:poss |
| 15 | legs | leg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 crossed | nsubj |
| 16 | crossed | cross | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 cast | advcl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 crossed | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 cast | nsubj |
| 19 | cast | cast | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 sat | conj |
| 20 | lots | lot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 cast | obj |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 placed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | place | past | Aja | Aja's mats | the ground | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent mat=Theme on ground=Destination | |||
| 2 | sit down | gerund · perfect | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | cross | past | Aja's legs | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | cast | past | Aja | lots | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/47/