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Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise., sentence 48

He soon discovered that the tortoise had sacrificed himself for the child, and that the child would therefore live, but he warned the chief that the Ekpinon ju-ju walked about when the sun was high up in the sky, and that he must never allow the child to go out in the middle of the day, as the ju-ju would kill him.

Who acts: Aja, child, Ekpinon, sun, ju ju · What happens: discover, sacrifice, live, warn, walk, be · To what, where: tortoise, chief, sky, child, middle, Aja · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiii.--of Chief Amaza, His Wife Achi and the Tortoise.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Aja, child, Ekpinon, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

nsubjadvmodmarkdetnsubj:passauxccompobjcasedetoblpunctccmarkdetnsubjauxadvmodconjpunctccnsubjparataxisdetobjmarkdetnsubjflatpunctconjccompadvmodadvmoddetnsubjcopadvmodadvclcasedetoblpunctccmarknsubjauxadvmodconjdetobjmarkxcompadvmodcasedetoblcasedetnmodpunctmarkdetcompoundpunctnsubjauxconjobjpunctrootHePRONsoonADVdiscoveredVERBthatSCONJtheDETtortoiseNOUNhadAUXsacrificedVERBhimselfPRONforADPtheDETchildNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJthatSCONJtheDETchildNOUNwouldAUXthereforeADVliveVERB,PUNCTbutCCONJhePRONwarnedVERBtheDETchiefNOUNthatSCONJtheDETEkpinonPROPNjuPROPN-PUNCTjuPROPNwalkedVERBaboutADVwhenADVtheDETsunNOUNwasAUXhighADVupADVinADPtheDETskyNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJthatSCONJhePRONmustAUXneverADVallowVERBtheDETchildNOUNtoPARTgoVERBoutADVinADPtheDETmiddleNOUNofADPtheDETdayNOUN,PUNCTasSCONJtheDETjuNOUN-PUNCTjuNOUNwouldAUXkillVERBhimPRON.PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1HehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs3 discoverednsubj
2soonsoonADVDegree=Pos3 discoveredadvmod
3discovereddiscoverVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4thatthatSCONJ_8 sacrificedmark
5thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art6 tortoisedet
6tortoisetortoiseNOUNNumber=Sing8 sacrificednsubj:pass
7hadhaveAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin8 sacrificedaux
8sacrificedsacrificeVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass3 discoveredccomp
9himselfhimselfPRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes8 sacrificedobj
10forforADP_12 childcase
11thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art12 childdet
12childchildNOUNNumber=Sing8 sacrificedobl
13,,PUNCT_20 livepunct
14andandCCONJ_20 livecc
15thatthatSCONJ_20 livemark
16thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art17 childdet
17childchildNOUNNumber=Sing20 livensubj
18wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin20 liveaux
19thereforethereforeADV_20 liveadvmod
20liveliveVERBVerbForm=Inf3 discoveredconj
21,,PUNCT_24 warnedpunct
22butbutCCONJ_24 warnedcc
23hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs24 warnednsubj
24warnedwarnVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 discoveredparataxis
25thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art26 chiefdet
26chiefchiefNOUNNumber=Sing24 warnedobj
27thatthatSCONJ_33 walkedmark
28thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art29 Ekpinondet
29EkpinonEkpinonPROPNNumber=Sing33 walkednsubj
30jujuPROPNNumber=Sing29 Ekpinonflat
31--PUNCT_32 jupunct
32jujuPROPNNumber=Sing29 Ekpinonconj
33walkedwalkVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin24 warnedccomp
34aboutaboutADV_33 walkedadvmod
35whenwhenADVPronType=Int40 upadvmod
36thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art37 sundet
37sunsunNOUNNumber=Sing40 upnsubj
38wasbeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin40 upcop
39highhighADVDegree=Pos40 upadvmod
40upupADV_33 walkedadvcl
41ininADP_43 skycase
42thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art43 skydet
43skyskyNOUNNumber=Sing40 upobl
44,,PUNCT_50 allowpunct
45andandCCONJ_50 allowcc
46thatthatSCONJ_50 allowmark
47hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs50 allownsubj
48mustmustAUXVerbForm=Fin50 allowaux
49neverneverADVPronType=Neg50 allowadvmod
50allowallowVERBVerbForm=Inf24 warnedconj
51thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art52 childdet
52childchildNOUNNumber=Sing50 allowobj
53totoPART_54 gomark
54gogoVERBVerbForm=Inf50 allowxcomp
55outoutADV_54 goadvmod
56ininADP_58 middlecase
57thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art58 middledet
58middlemiddleNOUNNumber=Sing54 goobl
59ofofADP_61 daycase
60thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art61 daydet
61daydayNOUNNumber=Sing58 middlenmod
62,,PUNCT_69 killpunct
63asasSCONJ_69 killmark
64thetheDETDefinite=Def PronType=Art67 judet
65jujuNOUNNumber=Sing67 jucompound
66--PUNCT_65 jupunct
67jujuNOUNNumber=Sing69 killnsubj
68wouldwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin69 killaux
69killkillVERBVerbForm=Inf54 goconj
70himhePRONCase=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs69 killobj
71..PUNCT_3 discoveredpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1discoverpastAjasoon propertyvn discover-84-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2sacrificepast · perfect · passivethe tortoisefor the child; Aja objtree rules
3livewouldthe childtherefore propertyvn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4warn speech: warnpastAjathe chiefvn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent chief=Recipient clause=Topic
5walkpastthe Ekpinon and juabout propertyvn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6ispastthe sunthe skyhigh, up propertytree rules
7not allowmustAjathe childvn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer child=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
8go out not said to happento-infinitivethe child not said herethe middle of the dayout propertyvn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
9killwouldthe ju juAjavn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/10/48/