Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiv.--the Fate of Agbor the Hunter, Who Killed His Wife and Children., sentence 42

From that time, whenever the Okuni people go to war, they put the skulls of their enemies whom they have killed on the ground, so that they can show them to all people as the heads of their enemies whom they have slain, and they always hit them with their chewing-sticks when they go out in the morning, saying, “I conquered you; I conquered you.”

Who acts: Okuni people, people · What happens: go, put, kill, show, have, hit · To what, where: war, skulls, enemies, ground, people, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xiv.--the Fate of Agbor the Hunter, Who Killed His Wife and Children.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Okuni people, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	From	from	ADP	_	3 time	case
2	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 time	det
3	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 put	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 go	punct
5	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	9 go	advmod
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 people	det
7	Okuni	Okuni	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 people	compound
8	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 go	nsubj
9	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 time	acl:relcl
10	to	to	ADP	_	11 war	case
11	war	war	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 go	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 time	punct
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 put	nsubj
14	put	put	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 skulls	det
16	skulls	skull	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 put	obj
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 enemies	case
18	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	19 enemies	nmod:poss
19	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	16 skulls	nmod
20	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	23 killed	nsubj:pass
21	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	23 killed	nsubj:pass
22	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 killed	aux
23	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 enemies	acl:relcl
24	on	on	ADP	_	26 ground	case
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 ground	det
26	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 killed	obl
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 show	punct
28	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	32 show	mark
29	that	that	SCONJ	_	28 so	fixed
30	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 show	nsubj
31	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	32 show	aux
32	show	show	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 put	advcl
33	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 show	obj
34	to	to	ADP	_	36 people	case
35	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	36 people	det
36	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 show	obl
37	as	as	ADP	_	39 heads	case
38	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	39 heads	det
39	heads	head	NOUN	Number=Plur	32 show	obl
40	of	of	ADP	_	42 enemies	case
41	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	42 enemies	nmod:poss
42	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 heads	nmod
43	whom	whom	PRON	PronType=Rel	45 have	obj
44	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	45 have	nsubj
45	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	42 enemies	acl:relcl
46	slain	slain	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 have	obj
47	,	,	PUNCT	_	51 hit	punct
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	51 hit	cc
49	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 hit	nsubj
50	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	51 hit	advmod
51	hit	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 put	conj
52	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	51 hit	obj
53	with	with	ADP	_	57 sticks	case
54	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	57 sticks	nmod:poss
55	chewing	chewing	NOUN	Number=Sing	57 sticks	compound
56	-	-	PUNCT	_	55 chewing	punct
57	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	51 hit	obl
58	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	60 go	advmod
59	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	60 go	nsubj
60	go	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	51 hit	advcl
61	out	out	ADV	_	60 go	advmod
62	in	in	ADP	_	64 morning	case
63	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	64 morning	det
64	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	60 go	obl
65	,	,	PUNCT	_	66 saying	punct
66	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	60 go	advcl
67	,	,	PUNCT	_	70 conquered	punct
68	“	"	PUNCT	_	70 conquered	punct
69	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	70 conquered	nsubj
70	conquered	conquer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	66 saying	ccomp
71	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	70 conquered	obj
72	;	;	PUNCT	_	74 conquered	punct
73	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	74 conquered	nsubj
74	conquered	conquer	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	14 put	parataxis
75	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	74 conquered	obj
76	.	.	PUNCT	_	74 conquered	punct
77	”	"	PUNCT	_	14 put	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go	present	the Okuni people			war		whenever property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to war=Initial_Location
2	put	past	people	the skulls of people's enemies			time		tree rules
3	kill	present · perfect · passive		people's enemies		the ground		people nsubj:pass	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	show	can	people	enemies = enemy	all people			as the heads of people's enemies	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent they=Topic to people=Recipient
5	have	present	people	people's enemies				slain obj	tree rules
6	hit	past	people	enemies = enemy				with people's chewing sticks; always property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with stick=Instrument
7	go out	present	people				morning	out property	vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	say speech: assert	gerund	people not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
9	conquer in a quote	past	people	you					vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient
10	conquer in a quote	past	people	you					vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent you=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/11/42/

🌲 Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiv.--the Fate of Agbor the Hunter, Who Killed His Wife and Children., sentence 42

The tree

Pragmatics

Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xiv.--the Fate of Agbor the Hunter, Who Killed His Wife and Children., sentence 42