Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 1
Many years ago there were two small boys living at Okuni, named Ori Namfup and Ori, they were great friends and always used to play together.
Who acts: two small boys, boys · What happens: be, live, name, use, play · To what, where: Okuni, great friends
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two small boys, boys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 years | amod |
| 2 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 were | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 2 years | advmod |
| 4 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 were | expl |
| 5 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 boys | nummod |
| 7 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 boys | amod |
| 8 | boys | boy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 were | nsubj |
| 9 | living | live | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 boys | acl |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 Okuni | case |
| 11 | Okuni | Okuni | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 living | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 named | punct |
| 13 | named | name | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 Okuni | acl |
| 14 | Ori | Ori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 named | xcomp |
| 15 | Namfup | Namfup | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Ori | flat |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 Ori | cc |
| 17 | Ori | Ori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Ori | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 friends | punct |
| 19 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 friends | nsubj |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 friends | cop |
| 21 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 friends | amod |
| 22 | friends | friend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 Okuni | appos |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 used | cc |
| 24 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 25 used | advmod |
| 25 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 friends | conj |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 play | mark |
| 27 | play | play | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 used | xcomp |
| 28 | together | together | ADV | _ | 27 play | advmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | two small boys | there | year | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | live | gerund | two small boys not said here | Okuni | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at okuni=Location | ||||
| 3 | name | participle | Okuni not said here | Ori and Ori xcomp | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | is a | past | boys = boy | great friends | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | use | participle | boys = boy not said here | always property | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 6 | play | to-infinitive | boys = boy not said here | together property | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/1/