Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 6
When the father of Ori heard that his son was dead, he went to the chief and demanded that Ori Namfup’s father should give him two slaves to replace the son he had lost.
Who acts: father, son, Okuni · What happens: hear, be, go, demand, give, replace · To what, where: chief, two slaves, Okuni, son · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, son, Okuni), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 6 heard | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 father | det |
| 3 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 Ori | case |
| 5 | Ori | Ori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 father | nmod |
| 6 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 went | advcl |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 dead | mark |
| 8 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 son | nmod:poss |
| 9 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 dead | nsubj |
| 10 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 dead | cop |
| 11 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 heard | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 heard | punct |
| 13 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 went | nsubj |
| 14 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 17 chief | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 chief | det |
| 17 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 went | obl |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 demanded | cc |
| 19 | demanded | demand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 went | conj |
| 20 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 26 give | mark |
| 21 | Ori | Ori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 father | nmod:poss |
| 22 | Namfup | Namfup | PROPN | Number=Sing | 21 Ori | flat |
| 23 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 21 Ori | case |
| 24 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 give | nsubj |
| 25 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 give | aux |
| 26 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 19 demanded | ccomp |
| 27 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 give | iobj |
| 28 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 slaves | nummod |
| 29 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 give | obj |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 replace | mark |
| 31 | replace | replace | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 26 give | advcl |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 son | det |
| 33 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 replace | obj |
| 34 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 lost | nsubj |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 lost | aux |
| 36 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 33 son | acl:relcl |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 went | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | the father of Ori | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | father's son | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go | past | father | the chief | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to chief=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | demand speech: request | past | father not said here | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | |||||
| 5 | give | should | Ori's father | two slaves | Okuni | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient slave=Theme | |||
| 6 | replace | to-infinitive | Ori's father not said here | the son | vn substitute-13.6.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme son=Co-Theme | ||||
| 7 | lose | past · perfect | Okuni | the son not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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