Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 7
But the chief refused, and said that as Ori had been killed accidentally it was not right that two slaves should be given as compensation.
Who acts: chief · What happens: refuse, say, kill, not be, give · To what, where: two slaves · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 4 refused | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chief | det |
| 3 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 refused | nsubj |
| 4 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 said | cc |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 refused | conj |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 killed | mark |
| 9 | as | as | ADP | _ | 10 Ori | case |
| 10 | Ori | Ori | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 killed | obl |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 killed | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 killed | aux:pass |
| 13 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 said | ccomp |
| 14 | accidentally | accidentally | ADV | _ | 18 right | advmod |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 right | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 right | cop |
| 17 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 right | advmod |
| 18 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 killed | advcl |
| 19 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 24 given | mark |
| 20 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 slaves | nummod |
| 21 | slaves | slave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 given | nsubj:pass |
| 22 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 given | aux |
| 23 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 24 given | aux:pass |
| 24 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 right | advcl |
| 25 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 compensation | case |
| 26 | compensation | compensation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 given | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 refused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | refuse | past | the chief | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the chief not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | kill | past · perfect · passive | as Ori | vn spend_time-104 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: as ori=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | not is | past | chief | accidentally, right property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | give | should · passive | two slaves | as compensation | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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