Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 67
The tombo is then poured out glass after glass and handed round until there is only one glass left in the calabash and that is drunk by the chief’s small boy who drank the first glass, he leaves a little in the bottom of the glass and gives it to the chief who throws the contents on the ground to propitiate the evil spirits.
Who acts: one glass, small boy, pourer, chief · What happens: pour out, hand round, be, leave, drink, give · To what, where: tombo, one glass, calabash, that, first glass, little
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one glass, small boy, pourer, chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 tombo | det |
| 2 | tombo | tombo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 poured | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 poured | aux:pass |
| 4 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 poured | advmod |
| 5 | poured | pour | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | out | out | ADP | _ | 5 poured | compound:prt |
| 7 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 poured | obj |
| 8 | after | after | ADP | _ | 9 glass | case |
| 9 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 poured | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 handed | cc |
| 11 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 poured | conj |
| 12 | round | round | ADV | _ | 11 handed | advmod |
| 13 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 15 is | mark |
| 14 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 15 is | expl |
| 15 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 handed | advcl |
| 16 | only | only | ADV | _ | 17 one | advmod |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 glass | nummod |
| 18 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 is | nsubj |
| 19 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 glass | acl |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 calabash | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 calabash | det |
| 22 | calabash | calabash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 left | obl |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 drunk | cc |
| 24 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 26 drunk | nsubj:pass |
| 25 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 drunk | aux:pass |
| 26 | drunk | drink | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 poured | conj |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 boy | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 chief | det |
| 29 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 boy | nmod:poss |
| 30 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 29 chief | case |
| 31 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 boy | amod |
| 32 | boy | boy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 drunk | obl |
| 33 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 drank | nsubj |
| 34 | drank | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 boy | acl:relcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 glass | det |
| 36 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 37 glass | amod |
| 37 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 drank | obj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 leaves | punct |
| 39 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 40 leaves | nsubj |
| 40 | leaves | leave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 poured | parataxis |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 little | det |
| 42 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 leaves | obj |
| 43 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 bottom | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 bottom | det |
| 45 | bottom | bottom | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 leaves | obl |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 glass | case |
| 47 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 glass | det |
| 48 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 bottom | nmod |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 gives | cc |
| 50 | gives | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 leaves | conj |
| 51 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 50 gives | obj |
| 52 | to | to | ADP | _ | 54 chief | case |
| 53 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 54 chief | det |
| 54 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 gives | obl |
| 55 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 56 throws | nsubj |
| 56 | throws | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 54 chief | acl:relcl |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 contents | det |
| 58 | contents | contents | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 56 throws | obj |
| 59 | on | on | ADP | _ | 61 ground | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 ground | det |
| 61 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 throws | obl |
| 62 | to | to | PART | _ | 63 propitiate | mark |
| 63 | propitiate | propitiate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 56 throws | advcl |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 66 spirits | det |
| 65 | evil | evil | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 66 spirits | amod |
| 66 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 63 propitiate | obj |
| 67 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 poured | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pour out | present · passive | the tombo | after glass; then | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme glass=Destination | ||||
| 2 | hand round | participle | round property | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | be | present | one glass | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | leave | participle | one glass not said here | in the calabash result | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in calabash=Result | ||||
| 5 | drink | present · passive | the chief's small boy | that | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 6 | drink | past | the chief's small boy | the first glass | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient | ||||
| 7 | leave | present | pourer | a little | the bottom of the glass | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent little=Theme in bottom=Location | |||
| 8 | give | present | pourer not said here | tombo | the chief | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme to chief=Recipient | |||
| 9 | throw | present | the chief | the contents | the ground | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent contents=Theme on ground=Destination | |||
| 10 | propitiate | to-infinitive | the chief not said here | the evil spirits | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/67/