Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident., sentence 66
After that the next glass is given to the chief who throws it on the ground as a libation to the dead ancestors, then the glass will be filled again, and the chief drinks it.
Who acts: chief · What happens: give, throw, fill, drink · To what, where: chief, tombo, ground, glass
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xv.--what Happened At Okuni When Anyone Was Killed By Accident.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 5 glass | case |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 1 After | fixed |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 glass | det |
| 4 | next | next | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 glass | amod |
| 5 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 given | obl |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 given | aux:pass |
| 7 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 chief | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 chief | det |
| 10 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 given | obl |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 throws | nsubj |
| 12 | throws | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 chief | acl:relcl |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 throws | obj |
| 14 | on | on | ADP | _ | 16 ground | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 ground | det |
| 16 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 throws | obl |
| 17 | as | as | ADP | _ | 19 libation | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 libation | det |
| 19 | libation | libation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 throws | obl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 ancestors | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 ancestors | det |
| 22 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 ancestors | amod |
| 23 | ancestors | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 throws | obl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 filled | punct |
| 25 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 30 filled | advmod |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 glass | det |
| 27 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 filled | nsubj:pass |
| 28 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 30 filled | aux |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 30 filled | aux:pass |
| 30 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 given | conj |
| 31 | again | again | ADV | _ | 30 filled | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 drinks | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 drinks | cc |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 chief | det |
| 35 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 drinks | nsubj |
| 36 | drinks | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 given | conj |
| 37 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 drinks | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | the chief | after the next glass | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: to chief=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | throw | present | the chief | tombo | the ground | as a libation; to the dead ancestors | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme on ground=Destination | ||
| 3 | fill | future · passive | the glass | then; again | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | drink | present | the chief | tombo | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/12/66/