Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head., sentence 14
When he had finished he dug a small hole where the pond had been and buried himself in it.
Who acts: crab · What happens: finish, dig, bury · To what, where: small hole, pond, hole
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 finished | advmod |
| 2 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 finished | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 finished | aux |
| 4 | finished | finish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 dug | advcl |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 dug | nsubj |
| 6 | dug | dig | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 hole | det |
| 8 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 hole | amod |
| 9 | hole | hole | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 dug | obj |
| 10 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 16 buried | advmod |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 pond | det |
| 12 | pond | pond | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 buried | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 buried | aux |
| 14 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 16 buried | aux:pass |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 buried | cc |
| 16 | buried | bury | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 hole | acl:relcl |
| 17 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 16 buried | obj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 it | case |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 buried | obl |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 dug | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | finish | past · perfect | crab | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | dig | past | crab | a small hole | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hole=Theme | ||||
| 3 | bury | past · perfect · passive | the pond | hole | crab obj | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Theme himself=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/13/14/