Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head., sentence 15
Shortly after this the elephant returned home, carrying the meat, and bringing his friend the hawk with him.
Who acts: elephant · What happens: return, carry, bring · To what, where: meat, hawk, friend
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elephant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 6 returned | advmod |
| 2 | after | after | ADP | _ | 3 this | case |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 1 Shortly | obl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 elephant | det |
| 5 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 returned | nsubj |
| 6 | returned | return | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | home | home | ADV | _ | 6 returned | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 carrying | punct |
| 9 | carrying | carry | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 returned | advcl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 meat | det |
| 11 | meat | meat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 carrying | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 bringing | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 bringing | cc |
| 14 | bringing | bring | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 carrying | conj |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 friend | nmod:poss |
| 16 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 bringing | obj |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 hawk | det |
| 18 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 bringing | obj |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 him | case |
| 20 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 bringing | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 returned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | return | past | the elephant | home, shortly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | carry | gerund | the elephant not said here | the meat | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Theme | ||||
| 3 | bring | gerund | the elephant not said here | the hawk | elephant's friend | with elephant | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent friend=Destination hawk=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/13/15/