Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head., sentence 4
When the appointed day arrived the elephant and the hawk went off with their bows and arrows, and having surrounded a part of the forest, commenced to hunt.
Who acts: appointed day, hawk · What happens: appoint, arrive, go off, surround, commence, hunt · To what, where: elephant, part
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xviii.--how the River Came Into Existence; Or, Why a Crab Has No Head.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (appointed day, hawk), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 5 arrived | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 day | det |
| 3 | appointed | appoint | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 day | amod |
| 4 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arrived | nsubj |
| 5 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 surrounded | advcl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 elephant | det |
| 7 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 arrived | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 went | cc |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 hawk | det |
| 10 | hawk | hawk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 went | nsubj |
| 11 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 arrived | conj |
| 12 | off | off | ADP | _ | 11 went | compound:prt |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 bows | case |
| 14 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 bows | nmod:poss |
| 15 | bows | bow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 went | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 arrows | cc |
| 17 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 bows | conj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 surrounded | punct |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 surrounded | cc |
| 20 | having | have | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 surrounded | aux |
| 21 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 part | det |
| 23 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 surrounded | obj |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 forest | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 forest | det |
| 26 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 part | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 commenced | punct |
| 28 | commenced | commence | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 surrounded | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 hunt | mark |
| 30 | hunt | hunt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 commenced | xcomp |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 surrounded | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appoint | participle | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | arrive | past | the appointed day | the elephant | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | go off | past | the hawk | with hawk's bows and arrows | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | surround | gerund · perfect | a part of the forest | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme part=Co-Theme | |||||
| 5 | commence | participle | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||||
| 6 | hunt | to-infinitive | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/13/4/