Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 11
These people were not allowed to make farms, so they were forced to live on the fruits and seeds which they found in the forest.
Who acts: people, fruits · What happens: not allow, make, force, live, find · To what, where: people, farms, fruits, forest
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, fruits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 people | det |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 allowed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 allowed | aux:pass |
| 4 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 5 allowed | advmod |
| 5 | allowed | allow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 make | mark |
| 7 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 allowed | xcomp |
| 8 | farms | farm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 make | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 forced | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 forced | advmod |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 forced | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 forced | aux:pass |
| 13 | forced | force | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 allowed | conj |
| 14 | to | to | PART | _ | 15 live | mark |
| 15 | live | live | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 forced | xcomp |
| 16 | on | on | ADP | _ | 18 fruits | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 fruits | det |
| 18 | fruits | fruit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 live | obl |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 seeds | cc |
| 20 | seeds | seed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 fruits | conj |
| 21 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 found | nsubj |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 found | nsubj |
| 23 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 fruits | acl:relcl |
| 24 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 forest | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 forest | det |
| 26 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 found | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 allowed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not allow | past · passive | this people | vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | make not said to happen | to-infinitive | this people not said here | farms | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset farm=Product | ||||
| 3 | force | past · passive | people | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | live | to-infinitive | people not said here | the fruits and seeds | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fruit=Location | ||||
| 5 | find | past | the fruits and seeds | the forest | people nsubj | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/11/