Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 12
Ogbaja knew all about these men, and was afraid to meet them, so he always gathered mangoes at a time when he knew they would not be near the tree.
Who acts: Ogbaja, people · What happens: know, be, meet, gather, not be · To what, where: people, mangoes, tree · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ogbaja, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ogbaja | Ogbaja | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 knew | nsubj |
| 2 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | all | all | ADV | _ | 2 knew | advmod |
| 4 | about | about | ADP | _ | 6 men | case |
| 5 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 6 men | det |
| 6 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 knew | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 afraid | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 afraid | cc |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 afraid | cop |
| 10 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 knew | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 meet | mark |
| 12 | meet | meet | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 afraid | xcomp |
| 13 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 meet | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 gathered | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 18 gathered | advmod |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 gathered | nsubj |
| 17 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 18 gathered | advmod |
| 18 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 knew | conj |
| 19 | mangoes | mango | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 gathered | obj |
| 20 | at | at | ADP | _ | 22 time | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 time | det |
| 22 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 gathered | obl |
| 23 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 knew | advmod |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 knew | nsubj |
| 25 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 time | acl:relcl |
| 26 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 tree | nsubj |
| 27 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 32 tree | aux |
| 28 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 32 tree | advmod |
| 29 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 32 tree | cop |
| 30 | near | near | ADP | _ | 32 tree | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 tree | det |
| 32 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 knew | ccomp |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 knew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | past | Ogbaja | about this men; all property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about man=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | is | past | Ogbaja not said here | afraid property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | meet | to-infinitive | Ogbaja not said here | people | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | gather | past | Ogbaja | mangoes | time | always property | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mango=Theme | ||
| 5 | know | past | Ogbaja | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | not is | would | people | the tree | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/12/