Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 115
After that, she passed drum after drum, until at length she arrived at the big drum, who asked her why she had come, so Inkang Ezen said she was looking for her daughter Ibanang, and would like to go to the same place where she had gone.
Who acts: Inkang, big drum · What happens: pass, arrive, ask, come, say, look · To what, where: drum, length, Inkang, same place · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inkang, big drum), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 that | case |
| 2 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 passed | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 that | punct |
| 4 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 passed | nsubj |
| 5 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 passed | obj |
| 7 | after | after | ADP | _ | 8 drum | case |
| 8 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 passed | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 arrived | punct |
| 10 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 14 arrived | mark |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 length | case |
| 12 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 arrived | obl |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 arrived | nsubj |
| 14 | arrived | arrive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 passed | conj |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 drum | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 drum | det |
| 17 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 drum | amod |
| 18 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 arrived | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 asked | punct |
| 20 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 asked | nsubj |
| 21 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 drum | acl:relcl |
| 22 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 asked | iobj |
| 23 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 come | advmod |
| 24 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 come | nsubj |
| 25 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 come | aux |
| 26 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 asked | advcl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 said | punct |
| 28 | so | so | ADV | _ | 31 said | advmod |
| 29 | Inkang | Inkang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 said | nsubj |
| 30 | Ezen | Ezen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 Inkang | flat |
| 31 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 passed | conj |
| 32 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 looking | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 looking | aux |
| 34 | looking | look | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 said | ccomp |
| 35 | for | for | ADP | _ | 37 daughter | case |
| 36 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 daughter | nmod:poss |
| 37 | daughter | daughter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 looking | obl |
| 38 | Ibanang | Ibanang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 looking | xcomp |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 like | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 like | cc |
| 41 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 like | aux |
| 42 | like | like | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 said | ccomp |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 go | mark |
| 44 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 like | xcomp |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 48 place | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 place | det |
| 47 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 place | amod |
| 48 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 go | obl |
| 49 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 52 gone | advmod |
| 50 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 52 gone | nsubj |
| 51 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 52 gone | aux |
| 52 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 48 place | acl:relcl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 passed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | past | Inkang | drum | after that; after drum | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme drum=Trajectory | |||
| 2 | arrive | past | Inkang | length | at the big drum | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | the big drum | Inkang | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent she=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | come | past · perfect | Inkang | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | Inkang | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | look | past · progressive | Inkang | for Inkang's daughter; Ibanang xcomp | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for daughter=Theme | ||||
| 7 | like | would | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||||
| 8 | go not said to happen | to-infinitive | the same place | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial_Location | |||||
| 9 | go | past · perfect | Inkang | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/115/