Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 122
In the morning Inkang Ezen gave her razors to the men, and they at once climbed up into the drum, and commenced cutting the drum’s heart out, bit by bit.
Who acts: Inkang, razors · What happens: give, climb up, commence, cut out · To what, where: razors, men, drum, heart
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Inkang, razors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 morning | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 morning | det |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 gave | obl |
| 4 | Inkang | Inkang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 gave | nsubj |
| 5 | Ezen | Ezen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Inkang | flat |
| 6 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 razors | nmod:poss |
| 8 | razors | razor | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 gave | obj |
| 9 | to | to | ADP | _ | 11 men | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 men | det |
| 11 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 gave | obl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 climbed | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 climbed | cc |
| 14 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 climbed | nsubj |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 once | case |
| 16 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 17 climbed | obl |
| 17 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 gave | parataxis |
| 18 | up | up | ADP | _ | 17 climbed | compound:prt |
| 19 | into | into | ADP | _ | 21 drum | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 drum | det |
| 21 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 climbed | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 commenced | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 commenced | cc |
| 24 | commenced | commence | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 gave | conj |
| 25 | cutting | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 24 commenced | xcomp |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 drum | det |
| 27 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 heart | nmod:poss |
| 28 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 27 drum | case |
| 29 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cutting | obj |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 25 cutting | compound:prt |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 bit | punct |
| 32 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cutting | obl |
| 33 | by | by | ADP | _ | 34 bit | case |
| 34 | bit | bit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 cutting | obl |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | Inkang | Inkang's razors | the men | morning | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent razor=Theme to man=Recipient | ||
| 2 | climb up | past | razors = razor | the drum | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into drum=Destination | ||||
| 3 | commence | past | Inkang not said here | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 4 | cut out | gerund | Inkang not said here | the drum's heart | by bit; bit obl | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector heart=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/122/