Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 123
When they began to cut, the drum felt a great pain in his inside, and made such a noise that all the small drums and the cripple came to enquire what the matter was.
Who acts: razors, drum, small drums, matter · What happens: begin, cut, feel, make, come, enquire · To what, where: great pain, inside, noise
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (razors, drum, small drums, matter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 began | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 felt | advcl |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 cut | mark |
| 5 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 drum | det |
| 8 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 felt | nsubj |
| 9 | felt | feel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 pain | det |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 pain | amod |
| 12 | pain | pain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 felt | obj |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 inside | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 inside | nmod:poss |
| 15 | inside | inside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 pain | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 made | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 made | cc |
| 18 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 felt | conj |
| 19 | such | such | DET | PronType=Ind | 21 noise | det:predet |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 noise | det |
| 21 | noise | noise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 made | obj |
| 22 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 came | obl |
| 23 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 26 drums | det:predet |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 drums | det |
| 25 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 drums | amod |
| 26 | drums | drum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 came | nsubj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 cripple | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 cripple | det |
| 29 | cripple | cripple | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 drums | conj |
| 30 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 noise | acl:relcl |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 enquire | mark |
| 32 | enquire | enquire | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 came | xcomp |
| 33 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 32 enquire | obj |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 matter | det |
| 35 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 what | nsubj |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 what | cop |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 felt | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | razors = razor | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | cut | to-infinitive | razors = razor not said here | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | feel | past | the drum | a great pain | man's inside | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent pain=Theme in inside=Location | |||
| 4 | make | past | the drum not said here | such noise | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset noise=Product | ||||
| 5 | come | past | all small drums and the cripple | such noise | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | enquire speech: other | to-infinitive | all small drums and the cripple not said here | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | is a | past | the matter | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/123/