Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 127
When the drum fell down, Inkang Ezen told the men to work hard and cut their way out.
Who acts: drum, Inkang · What happens: fall down, tell, work, cut out · To what, where: men, way · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (drum, Inkang), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 fell | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 drum | det |
| 3 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 fell | nsubj |
| 4 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 told | advcl |
| 5 | down | down | ADV | _ | 4 fell | advmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 fell | punct |
| 7 | Inkang | Inkang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 told | nsubj |
| 8 | Ezen | Ezen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Inkang | flat |
| 9 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 men | det |
| 11 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 told | obj |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 work | mark |
| 13 | work | work | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 told | xcomp |
| 14 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 13 work | advmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 cut | cc |
| 16 | cut | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 13 work | conj |
| 17 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 way | nmod:poss |
| 18 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cut | obj |
| 19 | out | out | ADV | _ | 16 cut | advmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall down | past | the drum | down property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | past | Inkang | the men | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent man=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | work not said to happen | to-infinitive | Inkang not said here | hard property | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | cut out | infinitive | Inkang not said here | razors's way | out property | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector way=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/127/