Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 128
They cut their way through the drum’s heart and liver, and then made an opening in his lips big enough for a man to crawl through.
Who acts: razors · What happens: cut, make, crawl · To what, where: way, heart, opening, lips
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (razors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 cut | nsubj |
| 2 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 way | nmod:poss |
| 4 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cut | obj |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 9 heart | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 drum | det |
| 7 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heart | nmod:poss |
| 8 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 7 drum | case |
| 9 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 cut | obl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 liver | cc |
| 11 | liver | liver | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 heart | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 made | cc |
| 14 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 15 made | advmod |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 cut | conj |
| 16 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 opening | det |
| 17 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obj |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 lips | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 lips | nmod:poss |
| 20 | lips | lip | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 made | obl |
| 21 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 lips | amod |
| 22 | enough | enough | ADV | _ | 21 big | advmod |
| 23 | for | for | ADP | _ | 25 man | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 man | det |
| 25 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | obl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 crawl | mark |
| 27 | crawl | crawl | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 made | advcl |
| 28 | through | through | ADV | _ | 27 crawl | advmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 cut | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cut | past | razors = razor | razors's way | the drum's heart and liver | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset way=Product | |||
| 2 | make | past | razors = razor not said here | a opening | man's lips | then | for a man | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent opening=Product for man=Beneficiary | |
| 3 | crawl | to-infinitive | razors = razor not said here | through property | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/128/