Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 137
The bones were then used to beat the drums with at dances and in times of danger.
What happens: use, beat · To what, where: bones, drums
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 bones | det |
| 2 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 used | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 used | aux:pass |
| 4 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 5 used | advmod |
| 5 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 beat | mark |
| 7 | beat | beat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 used | xcomp |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 drums | det |
| 9 | drums | drum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 beat | obj |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 dances | case |
| 11 | at | at | ADP | _ | 12 dances | case |
| 12 | dances | dance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 beat | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 times | cc |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 times | case |
| 15 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 dances | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 danger | case |
| 17 | danger | danger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 times | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 used | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | past · passive | the bones | then | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | beat | to-infinitive | the drums | with dances and times of danger | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent drum=Patient with dance=Instrument |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/137/