Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water., sentence 138
The people who had escaped from the drum’s inside each took one of his bones and departed to their different towns, where they all made big wooden drums like the one which had swallowed them.
Who acts: people, each, bones · What happens: escape, take, depart, make, swallow · To what, where: drum, one, different towns, big wooden drums, people
This is a sentence of «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Xix.--why the Mist Rises From the Water.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, each, bones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 people | det |
| 2 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 escaped | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 escaped | aux |
| 5 | escaped | escape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 people | acl:relcl |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 8 drum | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 drum | det |
| 8 | drum | drum | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 escaped | obl |
| 9 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 8 drum | case |
| 10 | inside | inside | ADP | _ | 12 took | mark |
| 11 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 12 took | nsubj |
| 12 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 escaped | advcl |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 took | obj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 bones | case |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 bones | nmod:poss |
| 16 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 one | nmod |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 departed | cc |
| 18 | departed | depart | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 took | conj |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 towns | case |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 towns | nmod:poss |
| 21 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 towns | amod |
| 22 | towns | town | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 departed | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 made | punct |
| 24 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 27 made | advmod |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 made | nsubj |
| 26 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 made | advmod |
| 27 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 towns | conj |
| 28 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 drums | amod |
| 29 | wooden | wooden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 drums | amod |
| 30 | drums | drum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 made | obj |
| 31 | like | like | ADP | _ | 33 one | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 one | det |
| 33 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 drums | nmod |
| 34 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 36 swallowed | nsubj:pass |
| 35 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 swallowed | aux |
| 36 | swallowed | swallow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 33 one | acl:relcl |
| 37 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 swallowed | obj |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 people | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | escape | past · perfect | the people | the drum | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from drum=Initial_Location | ||||
| 2 | take | past | each | one of husband's bones | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||||
| 3 | depart | participle | each not said here | bones's different towns | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to town=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | make | past | bones = bone | big wooden drums | like the one | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset drum=Product | |||
| 5 | swallow | past · perfect · passive | the one | bones = bone obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Ikom folk stories from Southern Nigeria» by Elphinstone Dayrell, Project Gutenberg book 70959 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg70959/14/138/